What medication is typically administered to keep the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) open in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome until surgery can be performed?

Prostaglandin E is the medication administered to maintain the patency of the ductus arteriosus in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). In this condition, the left side of the heart is underdeveloped, and maintaining adequate blood flow to the systemic circulation is critical for survival. The ductus arteriosus, a connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, typically closes shortly after birth. However, in HLHS, keeping this vessel open is essential for ensuring that oxygenated blood can flow from the lungs to the rest of the body until surgical intervention can be performed.

Prostaglandin E works by relaxing the smooth muscle of the ductus arteriosus, thereby preventing its closure and allowing for continued blood flow. This is particularly important in managing the hemodynamics of patients with HLHS, as it helps to prevent cardiovascular collapse.

Other medications listed, such as aspirin and digoxin, serve different purposes and are not used for this specific indication. Aspirin is typically used to manage conditions like Kawasaki disease to prevent coronary artery complications, while digoxin is used to treat heart failure and certain arrhythmias. Adenosine is primarily used to treat certain types of tachyarrhythmias, but it