Which diagnostic test is primarily used to assess congenital heart disease in pediatric patients?

Echocardiography is the diagnostic test primarily used to assess congenital heart disease in pediatric patients because it allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the heart's structure and function without the need for ionizing radiation, making it particularly suitable for children. This ultrasound-based imaging technique creates real-time images of the heart, enabling clinicians to visualize congenital abnormalities, such as septal defects, abnormal connections, and valve issues. It also provides insights into blood flow patterns, which are crucial for diagnosing various forms of congenital heart disease.

In contrast, X-ray imaging is less informative for detailed structural assessment of the heart and is typically used to evaluate other aspects, such as lung conditions or the overall size and silhouette of the heart. While MRI can be used in certain cases, it is generally more expensive and less accessible in acute settings, making echocardiography the go-to method for immediate and thorough evaluation of pediatric patients with suspected congenital heart disease. The electrocardiogram, while helpful for assessing electrical activity and rhythm, does not provide the detailed anatomical information that is critical in diagnosing congenital heart defects.