Which of the following conditions should a healthcare provider assess for upper and lower extremity blood pressure differentials?

The assessment of upper and lower extremity blood pressure differentials is particularly important in cases of coarctation of the aorta. This condition is characterized by a narrowing of the aorta, typically occurring just distal to the left subclavian artery. As a result of this narrowing, the blood flow to the lower body is reduced, leading to lower blood pressures in the legs compared to the arms, where blood pressure remains normal or is elevated due to the proximity to the heart.

In the context of coarctation of the aorta, it is crucial for healthcare providers to monitor blood pressures in both the upper and lower extremities. A significant differential may indicate the presence of this condition and help in making a timely diagnosis. This evaluation is a standard part of the physical examination in patients suspected of having coarctation, especially in pediatrics, where this condition is more commonly identified.

Other conditions mentioned, such as myocardial infarction, ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus, do not typically present with pronounced differential blood pressures between the upper and lower extremities. Myocardial infarction primarily affects coronary blood flow and does not specifically alter extremity blood pressures in this way. Ventricular septal defect involves