Which of the following defects is NOT associated with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)?

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect characterized by a combination of four specific structural abnormalities in the heart. These components include pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect (VSD), overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy, not left ventricular hypertrophy.

In TOF, the narrowed outflow tract leads to decreased blood flow to the lungs due to pulmonic stenosis. The ventricular septal defect allows blood to flow between the left and right ventricles. The overriding aorta is positioned directly above the ventricular septal defect, straddling both ventricles, which can result in mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Left ventricular hypertrophy is not a feature of TOF because the left ventricle typically does not face the same increased workload as the right ventricle, which has to compensate for the outflow obstruction due to pulmonic stenosis. In TOF, the right ventricle becomes hypertrophied due to the increased pressure it must generate to propel blood through the narrowed outflow tract. Therefore, identifying left ventricular hypertrophy as not being associated with TOF is correct, as the primary changes in hypertrophy occur in the right ventricle.